The Southeast Asian region stands at an important moment in its energy transition journey, facing the dual challenge of ensuring energy security while advancing sustainable, low-carbon solutions. To address these pressing concerns, this RSIS Seminar brings together a diverse set of research initiatives that collectively examine the complexities of energy transition in the region. The discussions will cover the role of domestic politics and the just and inclusive principles, including public responses to the expansion of renewable energy infrastructure; hydropolitics in the Mekong River Basin, with a particular focus on China’s domestic drivers and its regional influence over transboundary water governance; and nuclear governance and the application of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) for data centres in Southeast Asia.