In September 2024, Indonesia’s longstanding pro-Al-Qaeda jihadist group Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)’s decision to formally disband itself surprised everyone. It sparked an intense debate about whether the group has genuinely dissolved itself or made the move to avoid further counterterrorism pressure from Indonesian authorities. At the same time, the pro-Islamic State (IS) Jemaah Anshorut Daulah (JAD), a network of small cells, has also lost steam amidst its struggle to carry out large-scale attacks in recent years. As a result, the jihadist threat in Indonesia has declined significantly with ...